Physiology
Physiology
Питань: 49
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Питання 1 з 49
Питання 1
A bone marrow biopsy of an 8-year old girl shows a group of cells which has undergone the process ofpyknosis and loss of the nucleus dunng iis differentiation. Which of the following types of hemopoiesis is characterised by the morphological changes described above?
Питання 2
Analysis detects glucose and amino acids in the primary urine. In the residual urine they are absent due to tubular reabsorption of these substances. Where in the nephron does this process occur?
Питання 3
A person has memorized a phone number for a short period of time (a few seconds). After making a call the person was unable to reproduce this sequence of numbers. In this case the process of memorizing was based on the following type of memory:
Питання 4
Permeability of the excitable cell membrane to potassium ions was increased in an experiment. What changes in the membrane potential will occur?
Питання 5
Blood sample poured into a test tube has clotted within 6 minutes. The test tube was then put into a thermostat and in 24 hours the blood clot was destroyed due to activation of:
Питання 6
A 34-year-old man visits his dentist complaining of toothache. After a dental procedure that involved extraction of several teeth, he develops severe bleeding lasting more than 15 minutes. He has a history of chronic hepatitis C. Which of the following is the most likely cause of prolonged bleeding in this patient?
Питання 7
General practitioner performs physical examination of the patient. In the course of the examination it is necessary to measure the palpable regular expansion of a superficial artery caused by the ejection of blood into the vessels through heart contractions. What sign does the doctor measure?
Питання 8
A 20-year-old woman came to the clinic after missing her last 2 periods. Her cycles are usually regular, occurring at 28-30 day interval with moderate bleeding and occasional abdominal pain. She also complains of progressively diminishing peripheral vision. Her doctor determined the loss of vision in the lateral halves of both retinas. What structure is likely to be affected, causing bitemporal hemianopsia in the patient?
Питання 9
During ventricular systole, the cardiac muscle does not respond to additional stimulation because it is in the phase of:
Питання 10
As a result of a continuous chronic encephalopathy, a patient has developed spontaneous motions and a disorder of torso muscle tone. These are the symptoms of the disorder of the following conduction tract:
Питання 11
Due to the use of poor-quality measles vaccine for preventive vaccination, 1-year-old child developed an autoimmune renal injury. The urine was found to contain macromolecular proteins. What process of urine formation was disturbed?
Питання 12
A patient complains that at the bare mention of the tragic events that once occurred in his life he experiences tachycardia, dyspnea and an abrupt rise of blood pressure. What structures of the CNS are responsible for these cardiorespiratory reactions in this patient?
Питання 13
Tooth extraction in a patient with chronic persistent hepatitis was complicated by a prolonged bleeding. What is the cause of hemorrhagic syndrome?
Питання 14
During allergic rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal mucosa) the number of basophils in the connective tissue of the mucosa increases, which is accompanied by a tissue edema. This phenomenon is associated with the following function of tissue basophils:
Питання 15
A student who unexpectedly met his girlfriend developed an increase in systemic arterial pressure. This pressure change was caused by the intensified realization of the following reflexes:
Питання 16
In an experiment, an excitable cell was placed into a saline solution without sodium ions. How will it change the development of action potential in the cell?
Питання 17
Name the specific phase of action potential, characteristic of typical cardiomyocytes:
Питання 18
Filopodia of megakaryocytes pass through the pores of the sinusoidal capillaries of the red bone marrow into the lumen of blood vessels, where they are fragmented into individual Laminae. What blood corpuscles are formed this way?
Питання 19
Histologic examination of an eye specimen shows multilayer structure. The outermost layer is represented by special pigment epithelium, which is composed of cuboidal melanin-containing cells that absorb light. The photoreceptor layer contains photosensitive outer segments of rods and cones. Which of the following eye structures is mentioned?
Питання 20
A 25-year old woman is admitted to the hospital because of a 6-week history of double vision and difficulty to talk after prolonged speaking. Her husband reports fluctuating droopy eyelids in the morning and evening. An immunologic assay detects the presence of circulating autoantibodies against the certain receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Affected binding of which of the following neurotransmitters is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?
Питання 21
A research lab is investigating the rate of differentiation of hematopoietic cells in order to better understand acute myeloid leukemia in children. A bone marrow biopsy of a 6-year-old boy shows the differentiation stage in which hemopoietic cell extrudes its nucleus. Which of the following processes is most likely associated with biopsy findings?
Питання 22
As a result of an injury, the integrity of the anterior spinal cord root was broken. Specify the neurons and their processes that had been damaged:
Питання 23
Electrical activity of neurons is being measured. They fire prior to and at the beginning of inhalation. Where are these neurons situated?
Питання 24
A laboratory experiment on a dog was used to study central parts of auditory system. One of the mesencephalon structures was destroyed. The dog has lost the orienting response to auditory signals. What structure was destroyed?
Питання 25
Since a patient has had myocardial infarction, atria and ventricles contract independently from each other with a frequency of 60-70 and 35—40 per minute. Specify the type of heart block in this case:
Питання 26
The patient's ECG shows that in the second standard lead from the extremities the P waves are positive, their amplitude is 0.1 mV (the norm is 0.05-0.25 mV), duration - 0.1 seconds (the norm is 0.07-0.10 seconds). It can be concluded that the following process occurs normally in the cardiac atria:
Питання 27
In course of an experiment there has been an increase in the nerve conduction velocity. This may be caused by an increase in the concentration of the following ions that are present in the solution around the cell:
Питання 28
A person with vitamin A deficiency develops twilight vision disturbance. Name the cells that fulfill this photoreceptor function:
Питання 29
A 20-year-old female comes to the clinic after missing her last 2 periods. Her cycles are usually regular, occurring at 28-30 day interval with moderate
bleeding and some abdominal discomfort. She also complains of progressively diminishing peripheral vision. Her doctor reveals loss of vision in the lateral
halves of both eyes. Involvement of which of the following structures would you most likely expect to be the reason of bitemporal hemianopsia?
Питання 30
A man has an impairment of a certain part of his central nervous system, which manifests as asthenia, muscle dystonia, and a balance disorder. What part of the central nervous system is affected in this case?
Питання 31
Participation of a certain part of the central nervous system is mandatory for the formation of voluntary defecation in a child. What part of the central nervous system is it?
Питання 32
ZolicIons (monoclonal antibodies) were used to determine the person's blood group according to the ABO system. Erythrocyte agglutination did not occur with any of the zolicions. What blood type does this person have?
Питання 33
A 65-year-old man with liver cirrhosis developed a significant decrease in blood pressure. What mechanism can be the cause of arterial hypotension in this case?
Питання 34
Increased levels of angiotensin II have been detected in the blood of a patient with a hypertensive crisis. The pressor effect of angiotensin is associated with the:
Питання 35
As a result of industrial exposure to chromium compounds, a woman has developed allergic dermatitis on both her hands. What skin cells are mainly involved in the manifestation of this disease?
Питання 36
A 50-year-old patient has been hospitalized with signs of a hypertensive crisis. What is associated with a sharp increase in the blood pressure?
Питання 37
When stimulation frequency of an isolated heatt of a rabbit increases, incomplete relaxation of the ventricles of the heart can be observed because of:
Питання 38
A patient with liver cirrhosis has persistent arterial hypotension (blood pressure - 90/50 mm Hg). What causes the decrease in blood pressure in such a liver pathology?
Питання 39
During examination, a man has asthenia, muscle dystonia, and a balance disorder. What part of the central nervous system is affected in this case?
Питання 40
During the lunch, a person ate salted herring and potatoes with pickles. After a while, this person became thirsty. This sensation has been caused by impulsation from certain receptors. Name these receptors.
Питання 41
With what is the pressor effect of angiotensin II associated?
Питання 42
A 6-year-old child has been diagnosed with a helminthic infestation. What changes can be observed in the child's leukogram in this case?
Питання 43
A certain structure of the central nervous system was destroyed in a frog. As a result, the animal leaned towards its damaged side due to a significant decrease in the tone of the extensors. What structure of the central nervous system was damaged in the experiment?
Питання 44
What regulatory mechanisms cause an increase in the heart rate, when the body's position changes from horizontal to vertical?
Питання 45
Liver diseases are usually accompanied by coagulopathy, namely hypocoagulation. What is this pathological condition associated with?
Питання 46
In an experiment, the test animal was accidentally given a large amount of potassium chloride, resulting in its death. What caused the cardiac arrest in the animal in this situation?
Питання 47
The incretory function of the kidneys is impaired in a patient with chronic glomerulonephritis. What blood components are deficient in this case?
Питання 48
Experimental studies of membrane ionic currents in the dynamics of action potential development have shown that the ionic current that causes the repolarization phase can be classified as:
Питання 49
A 10-year-old boy with marked hemorrhagic syndrome has no antihemophilic globulin A in his blood plasma. What mechanism of coagulation hemostasis is disturbed in this case?