Microbiology
Microbiology
Питань: 60
60:00
Питання 1 з 60
Питання 1
A veterinarian, working at cattle farm, visited doctor and complained of pain in joints, fever, weakness, night sweats. He has been ill for a month. According to complaints and patient profession doctor suspected brucellosis. Which material collected from this patient should be exameneed in ordinary bacteriological laboratory?
Питання 2
A 6-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his mother, who complains of low-grade fever, chronic cough and night sweats in her child. She describes the cough as productive, producing white sputum that is sometimes streaked with blood. She also says that her son has lost some weight in the last month. His vital signs include blood pressure of 115/75 mm Hg, heart rate of 110/min., respiratory rate of 18/min. and temperature of 36.6oC. On physical examination, the patient is ill looking. Pulmonary auscultation reveals some fine crackles in the right upper lobe. The pediatrician suspects an active infection and performs Mantoux test. Intradermal injection of which of the following substances has been most likely used by pediatrician for screening test in this clinical case?
Питання 3
The disease onset occurred 3 days ago. The patient complains of body temperature up to 38°C, stomachache, and frequent loose bloody stools. Bacillary dysentery was clinically diagnosed in the patient. What method of microbiological diagnostics would be advisable in this case and what samples should be obtained from the patient to confirm this diagnosis?
Питання 4
Mass mortality of rodents was observed in one of the mountain villages. Simultaneously there occurred a disease outbreak in the local population. The disease manifested by rapidly progressive fever up to 40°C, marked intoxication, and enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes. Smear preparations made from autopsy specimens contained gram-negative ovoid bacilli with bipolar staining. What microorganism is the causative agent of this disease?
Питання 5
A 43-year-old man seeks evaluation at an emergency department with complaints of fever with chills, malaise, diffuse abdominal pain for over a week, diarrhea and loss of appetite. He says that his symptoms are progressively getting worse He recalls that the fever began slowly and climbed its way up stepwise to the current 39.8°C. His blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. A physical exam reveals a coated tongue, enlarged spleen and rose spots on the abdomen. Serologic study shows the agglutinin O titre of 1:200 by the Widal test. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism for this
patient's condition?
Питання 6
A 25-year-old male visits his family physician for a 5-day history of fever and fatigue. Upon further questioning, he says that he also had constant muscular pain and headaches. He adds additional information by giving a history of regular unprotected sexual relationship with multiple partners. He is a non-smoker and drinks alcohol occasionally. Vital signs: heart-98/min., respiratory rate-16/min., temperature-38°C and blood pressure - 120/80 mm Hg. On physical examination, he is icteric and hepatosplenomegaly is evident with abdominal tenderness particularly in the right upper quadrant. The serologic markers show the following pattern: IgM anti-HBc positive, HBsAg positive. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Питання 7
A 25-year-old man presents to his physician with a 1-week history of fever, sore throat, nausea, and fatigue. His vital signs include: temperature - 38.5°C,
pulse-72/min., blood pressure - 120/70 mm Hg, and respiratory rate - 17/min. On physical examination, he has bilateral posterior cervical lymphadenopathy,
exudates over the palatine tonsil walls with soft palate petechiae, an erythematous macular rash on the trunk and arms, and mild hepatosplenomegaly. This patient most likely has infectious mononucleosis. Which of the following would be the most appropriate diagnostic laboratory test?
Питання 8
A 23-year-old woman presents to the emergency department complaining of bloody diarrhea, fatigue and confusion. A few days earlier, she went to a fast food restaurant for a birthday party. Her friends are experiencing similar symptoms. Laboratory studies show anemia. Which of the following would you most likely obtain for microbiologic testing?
Питання 9
A man has signs of acute respiratory viral disease. His physician referred him for microbiological testing. A mucus smear obtained from the patient’s tonsils contains spherical microorganisms arranged in short chains. The patient was diagnosed with tonsillitis. What microorganisms were detected in the smear from the patient's tonsils?
Питання 10
A young woman suddenly developed fever up to 39°C accompanied by a strong headache. Examination revealed marked nuchal rigidity. Spinal puncture was performed. Gram-stained of cerebrospinal fluid smear contained many neutrophils and Gram-positive diplococci. What bacteria could be the cause of this disease?
Питання 11
Hepatitis В is diagnosed through laboratory tests that determine the presence of HBA-DNA in blood serum of the patient. What reference method is applied for this purpose?
Питання 12
When examining a child the dentist found the deposit on both tonsils and suspected atypical form of diphtheria. A smear was taken, and after the nutrient media inoculation the toxicity of the isolated pure culture was determined. What reaction was used to determine the toxigenicity of the isolated strain of diphtheria bacillus?
Питання 13
A female woman has been clinically diagnosed with gonorrhea. Which of the following studies can be used to confirm the diagnosis?
Питання 14
There are several cases of children from boarding school suffering from sore throat. Microscopy of tonsil smears stained according to Neisser method has revealed thin yellow bacilli with dark brown grains on their ends placed in the shape of Roman numeral five. What infection can be suspected in this case?
Питання 15
Serological diagnostics of influenza requires the measurement of an increase in the titer of antibodies to the pathogen in the patient's blood serum. How many times should the titer of antibodies in the paired serum samples increase for the result to be considered credible?
Питання 16
A 6-year-old child with suspected active tuberculosis has undergone Mantoux test. What immunobiological substance was administered for this purpose?
Питання 17
A group of dental students is studying bacteria and their pathogenesis. They have identified that a substantial number of bacteria cause human diseases by producing a poisonous substance. This substance is typically a protein, that has different mechanisms of action and acts at different sites. It is secreted by anaerobic bacteria and leads to a potentially life threatening symptoms which can be prevented by administration of specific antibodies. Which of the following is the most likely substance?
Питання 18
A 43-year-old cattle farm worker is brought to the surgeon with fever, malaise, and inflamed lesions on his hands and arms. He reports that about 2 weeks before his presentation at the hospital he noticed small, painless, pruritic papules that quickly enlarged and developed a central vesicle. The vesicles developed into erosion and left painless necrotic ulcers with black, depressed center. Gram's staining of the ulcer reveals gram-positive sporeforming bacilli. Which of the following diseases is the most likely cause of these findings?
Питання 19
A 10-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents because of fever, cough, and fatigue. He has been admitted to the hospital five times because of pneumonia. Attempts to induce immunity using the pneumococcal vaccine have failed. The first hospitalization was at the age of 12 months. Laboratory findings show marked reduction in all classes and subclasses of serum immunoglobulins. Which of the following immune cells is most likely to be reduced in the peripheral blood of this patient?
Питання 20
A 37-year-old male was admitted to a hospital complaining of abdominal pain, difficulty in swallowing and breathing, constipation, and nausea. He developed respiratory failure and required endotracheal intubation and ventilation. Two days before, the patient consumed dried salted fish bought from an artisanal producer. Laboratory investigation for infectious pathogen was performed using Kitt-Tarozzi's method. Observation under a bright field microscopy revealed the presence of typical microorganisms with «tennis racket» appearance. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Питання 21
In the surgical ward, the dressing material was udergoing sterilization in an autoclave. Through an oversight of a nurse the mode of sterilization was changed and the temperature in the autoclave reached only 100°C instead of the due 120°C. What microorganisms can stay viable under these condition?
Питання 22
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of virus В hepatitis. Serological reaction based on complementation of antigen with antibody chemically bound to peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase has been used for disease diagnostics. What is the name of the applied serological reaction?
Питання 23
A 6-year-old child with suspected active tuberculous process underwent the diagnostic Mantoux test. What immunobiological preparation was injected?
Питання 24
What diagnostic method should be used in industry to test the raw leather for presence of B. antracis?
Питання 25
A 43-year-old man seeks evaluation at an emergency department with complaints of fever with chills, malaise, diffuse abdominal pain for over a week, diarrhea and loss of appetite. He says that his symptoms are progressively getting worse. He recalls that the fever began slowly and climbed its way up stepwise to the current 39.8°C. His blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. A physical exam reveals a coated tongue, enlarged spleen and rose spots on the abdomen. Serologic study shows the agglutinin O titre of 1:200 by the Widal test. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism for this patient's condition?
Питання 26
Two weeks ago, an illness was reported in several children at the orphanage. Based on the description of its clinical manifestations and epidemiological data, the epidemiologist suspects an outbreak of measles infection. What type of laboratory analysis can confirm this provisional diagnosis?
Питання 27
IgM to the rubella virus have been detected in a pregnant woman. Based on these findings, the obstetrician-gynecologist recommended terminating the pregnancy due to the high probability of teratogenic effects on the fetus. It is important that specifically IgM have been detected, because immunoglobulins of this class:
Питання 28
Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis is the most common primary infection caused by herpes simplex virus, type 1. What material should a dentist obtain for the laboratory testing to confirm this diagnosis?
Питання 29
A 42-year-old man with verified HIV infection developed a fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, diarrhea, and slight weight loss. What period of HIV infection corresponds with these symptoms?
Питання 30
A 47-year-old woman became blind as a result of a chronic infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. To detect cytoplasmic inclusions specific for this pathogen, a microslide was prepared from the conjunctival scrape. What staining technique should be used in this case?
Питання 31
A 35-year-old man came to a gastroenterologist with complaints of belching, a feeling of overfilled stomach, nausea, lack of appetite, and nocturnal epigastric pain. The doctor suspects a gastric ulcer caused by H. pylori invasion. What rapid noninvasive diagnostic test should be prescribed to the patient to confirm the diagnosis?
Питання 32
Some motile cells of have multicellular organisms have special organelles that are thin extensions of cytoplasm, containing a bundle of microtubules - an axial filament or axoneme. What are these organelles called?
Питання 33
What compound is a central humoral factor that modulates the function of the immune system, intensifying the processes of cellular and humoral immunity?
Питання 34
After eating canned fish produced by unknown manufacturer, a patient developed diplopia, dysphonia, and muscle rigidity. The doctor suspects botulism. What the development of the listed symptoms in the patient?
Питання 35
During a selection for revaccination with the BCG vaccine, a schoolboy has undergone the Mantoux test that turned out to be negative. What does this test result indicate?
Питання 36
The most important thing in the specific treatment of anaerobic infections is the timely administration of the serum that contains specific antibodies. In this case, the serum aims to neutralize:
Питання 37
What test should the patient undergo to confirm the diagnosis of gonorrhea?
Питання 38
What microbiological material must be obtained to confirm the diagnosis of recurrent epidemic typhus?
Питання 39
After organ heterotransplantation, transplant rejection was detected. What cells cause this process?
Питання 40
A pharmaceutical company has established the biotechnological process for obtaining bioactive substances, produced by certain species of microorganisms. For the effective production of drugs, it is necessary to store the producer cultures in a viable state for a long time. What method is used for long-term storage of producer microorganisms?
Питання 41
A maternity hospital plans to immunize its healthcare personnel against hepatitis B. What vaccine will be used for immunization in this case?
Питання 42
After examination, a child was diagnosed with scarlet fever. What microorganism is the causative agent of this disease?
Питання 43
What component of a bacterial cell provides the bacterium with adaptive capabilities and ensures its protection against environmental conditions?
Питання 44
What pathogen causes syphilis?
Питання 45
Microscopy shows that basidia with basidiospores are formed on the hymenium. What division do these fungi belong to?
Питання 46
What is the main method of laboratory diagnostics of HIV infection?
Питання 47
What route of transmission is characteristic of epidemic typhus?
Питання 48
Bacteriology of patient's feces allowed isolating a pure culture of rod-shaped, slightly curved microorganisms that resembled schools of fish in the microslide. Their inoculation on alkaline media resulted in formation of a blue-tinted film after 6 hours. What pathogen has such properties?
Питання 49
Bacterial culture obtained from patient does not grow when exposed to oxygen. Conditions suitable for bacterial culture growth can be created in:
Питання 50
A chemotherapeutic agent has bactericidal effect against streptococci, staphylococci, bacilli, and clostridia. According to its action spectrum this drug belongs to the following group:
Питання 51
A local general practitioner recommends taking interferon for influenza prevention. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
Питання 52
The child had been administered antidiphtheric serum. What resistance was formed in the child.
Питання 53
A drug solution sterilized by means of boiling was tested for sterility. Inoculation on Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed clostridia. Clostridia survived the boiling because they are:
Питання 54
A sample of water used in the manufacture of medicines is delivered to the laboratory for sanitary-virological research.
Detection of which of the following group of viruses would indicate fecal contamination of the water and the need for additional cleaning?
Питання 55
In the microbiological laboratory during the experiment, the resistance of microorganisms to the influence of various
adverse factors in the natural environment was investigated. What is the result of the effect of high temperatures on a microbial
cell?
Питання 56
Etiological factors of infectious diseases can be infectious agents with diverse ultrastructure. Which of the following groups does NOT have cellular structure, protein synthesis, enzymatic and energy systems?
Питання 57
A study of the microbiological purity of tablet formulations is conducted on the production site. After cultivating samples on mannitol salt agar, golden-yellow colonies grow up. Microscopic examination of colonies establishes the presence of gram-positive bacteria of spherical shape, located in clusters; microorganisms has the ability to coagulate the plasma. The pure culture of which of the following bacteria is discovered?
Питання 58
After the pus sample taken from the urethra had been inoculated on ascitic agar, it resulted in growth of round transparent colonies. Microscopy of the colonies shows gram-negative kidney beanshaped diplococci. What causative agent is it?
Питання 59
There are certain requirements to the bacteriological status of the water used in preparation of some dosage forms. What indicator is used to determine general water pollution?
Питання 60
It can be safely assumed that the infants born from the mothers with the history of measles will not be affected by the measles outbreak during their stay in the maternity ward. What classes of antibodies provide the infants with the resistance to this disease?