Pharmacology
Pharmacology
Питань: 89
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Питання 1 з 89
Питання 1
A patient has peptic ulcer of the stomach. What medicine can decrease the secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsin by blocking the H2 receptors?
Питання 2
A 46-year-old man presents with fatigue and joint pain in his fingers and wrists for the last 2 months. The pain is present in both hands and the wrists are swollen. Furthermore, he describes morning stiffness in his joints lasting about 2 hours, which improves with use. His past medical history reveals he has been successfully treated for II. pylori related ulcers last year. He denies smoking and stopped drinking when his gastric symptoms started. Which of the following drugs is the best choice for his joint pain management?
Питання 3
A man complaining of memory deterioration, reduced mental capabilities, sleep disorders, and vertigo was brought to the neurologic department. The patient explains these symptoms as consequences of the brain concussion received in a traffic accident 2 years ago. Choose the drug that can improve the patient’s brain metabolism and would be the most advisable in this case:
Питання 4
A patient with ciliary arrhythmia was prescribed digoxin. What mechanism of action of this medicine results in its antiarrhythmic effect?
Питання 5
In the morning a man diagnosed with diabetes mellitus received a prescribed dose of long-acting insulin on an empty stomach. He missed his regular meal and soon after that he developed weakness, headache, and vertigo, body tremors, convulsions, feeling of hunger, and signs of hypoglycemia. Glucose administration did not improve the patient’s condition. What medicine should be administered to provide quick relief to the patient?
Питання 6
A patient with ischemic heart disease was prescribed a calcium channel blocker. Name this drug:
Питання 7
During local anesthetization the patient has gone into anaphylactic shock. What drug must be administered to the patient?
Питання 8
A 65-year-old patient with a history of coronary artery disease presents to the doctor's office complaining of dizziness and sudden onset of a «bluish
discoloration» of his skin. Physical examination reveals cyanotic patient. His blood pressure is 100/50 mm Hg, heart rate - 110/min., respiratory rate - 14/min. Laboratory testing is significant for methemoglobinemia. Which of the following medications did this patient most likely misuse?
Питання 9
A patient suffers from acute cardiopulmonary failure with pulmonary edema. What diuretic should be prescribed in the given case?
Питання 10
A 56-year-old man presents for a checkup. The patient says he has to urinate quite frequently, but denies any dysuria or pain on urination. Past medical history is significant for diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension, both managed medically. Current medications are metformin, aspirin, rosuvastatin, captopril and furosemide. Laboratory findings are significant for the following: Glycated Hemoglobin (Hb A1c)-8.0%, Fasting Blood Glucose-12 mmol/L. His doctor decides to add glibenclamide to the therapy. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of this drug’s action?
Питання 11
A 64-year-old man presents with a tremor in his legs and arms. He says he has had the tremor for «many years», but it has worsened in the last year. The
tremor is more prominent at rest and nearly disappears on movement. His daughter mentions that his movements have become slower. The patient is
febrile and vital signs are within normal limits. On physical examination, the patient is hunched over and his face is expressionless throughout examination.
There is a «pill-rolling» resting tremor that is accentuated when the patient is asked to clench the contralateral hand and alleviated by finger-nose testing.
When asked to walk across the room, the patient has difficulty taking the first step, has a stooped posture and takes short rapid shuffling steps. A doctor
initiates pharmacotherapy and the drug of first line, levodopa, is prescribed. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of action of this drug?
Питання 12
Muscle relaxant tubocurarine was administered during a surgery. After the surgery the patient's breathing is not restored. What antidote should he be given to restore his breathing?
Питання 13
A 12-year-old child has a viral infection complicated by obstructive bronchitis. Bronchospasm can be eliminated by inhalations of a drug from the following pharmacological group:
Питання 14
Prolonged treatment of hypothyroidism has caused general dystrophy, dental caries, tachycardia, tremor of extremities. What drug is the cause of these side effects?
Питання 15
Following treatment with a highly-efficient anti-tuberculosis drug a 48-year-old female developed optic nerve neuritis, memory impairment, cramps. Which of these anti-TB drugs had the patient taken?
Питання 16
A patient with rheumatoid arthritis has been given hydrocortisone for a long time. He has developed hyperglycemia, polyuria, glycosuria, thirst. These complications of treatment result from the activation of the following process:
Питання 17
A patient suffering from stenocardia takes 100 mg of acetylsalicylic acid daily. What is the effect of acetylsalicylic acid on this patient?
Питання 18
With the purpose of analgesia, a narcotic analgesic has been used with a benzodiazepine drug. What drug has been used to potentiate analgesia?
Питання 19
A patient has enamel erosion. What vitamin should be administered for its treatment?
Питання 20
A 60-year-old man with diabetes mellitus is prescribed insulin. What type of pharmacological therapy is it?
Питання 21
A person, who came to a hospital with complaints of diarrhea, was diagnosed with amoebic dysentery. Tetracycline was prescribed to the patient as a part of complex treatment. Name the type of action of this medicine:
Питання 22
A patient developed hypersalivation, during dental manipulations. What group of medicines reduces this phenomenon?
Питання 23
A glucocorticoid ointment has been prescribed to a patient for periodontitis treatment. Name this medicine:
Питання 24
A 70-year-old patient is brought to the emergency department by his son because of blurry vision and dysarthria. His son says, that the father is always thirsty and has difficulty with urination. Examination reveals dry skin, cutaneous vasodilation, nonreactive mydriasis, and hyperthermia. Drug overdose is suspected. Which of the following drugs is the most likely cause of this patient's toxicity?
Питання 25
A 66-year-old male is brought to the emergency department with central chest pain for 1 hour. He rates his pain as severe, dull in character and it is associated with profuse sweating and shortness of breath. Physical examination reveals a blood pressure of 100/70 mm Hg, pulse -115/min, oxygen saturation of 95% on room air. An electrocardiogram is done and shows ST elevation in leads II, Ill and avF which is consistent with an acute myocardial infarction. The patient is given oral aspirin, sublingual nitroglycerine and intravenous morphine. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of action of morphine?
Питання 26
A 38-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with severe shortness of breath, cough and wheezing. She has a history of bronchial asthma. Her vitals are as follows: respiratory rate is 39/min., pulse is 121/min., blood pressure is 130/70 mm Hg, and temperature is 37.2°C. On physical exam, she looks confused and has bilateral diffuse wheezes on chest auscultation. Which of the following is the B-agonist and is the most appropriate drug to rapidly reverse her respiratory distress?
Питання 27
A 58-year-old male patient visited his dentist with the chief complaint of itching and burning sensation in his mouth. On intraoral examination, diffuse white patches were seen on his tongue, right and left buccal mucosa, as well as on his hard palate and soft palatal region. The potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation of the specimen revealed non-pigmented septate hyphae. Administration of which of the following is the most appropriate initial step in treatment of this patient?
Питання 28
A 42-year-old female comes to the physician 2 days after the sudden onset of pain and swelling of her right knee. She has had no injury. Examination of the right knee shows warmth, erythema, and effusions. Laboratory studies show an increase in the concentration of acute phase reactants. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for this patient?
Питання 29
A patient with acute myocardial infarction has been administered heparin as a part of complex therapy. Some time after heparin injection the patient developed hematuria. What heparin antagonist should be injected to remove the complication?
Питання 30
An alcoholic has alcoholic psychosis with evident psychomotor agitation. What neuroleptic drug should be administered for emergency aid?
Питання 31
A patient has been administered an anti-inflammatory drug that blocks the action of cyclooxygenase. Specify this anti-inflammatory agent:
Питання 32
A woman poisoned with unknown substance was hospitalised in a toxicological department. What group of drugs can be administered to decrease absorption and introduction of the poison to her body?
Питання 33
A 26-year-old female patient with bronchitis has been administered a broad spectrum antibiotic as a causal treatment drug. Specify this drug:
Питання 34
A 45-year-old woman has an attack of atrial fibrillation. She suffers from stage Il essential hypertension. What is the drug of choice for stopping this attack?
Питання 35
A patient with chronic bronchitis was prescribed a drug with mucolytic action. Name this drug:
Питання 36
The cardiology department has received a patient with complaints of tachycardia, shortness of breath, and cyanotic mucosa. Examination detects leg edemas and ascites. What drug must be prescribed to the patient in this case?
Питання 37
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are widely used as psychotropic drugs. In the synapses, they change the levels of all the neurotransmitters listed below, except:
Питання 38
A 48-year-old woman has been diagnosed with Raynaud syndrome (a spasm of peripheral blood vessels) and prescribed an adrenotropic agent. What group does this drug belong to?
Питання 39
A woman, who complains of a constant feeling of fear and anxiety, has been diagnosed with neurosis and prescribed a drug with an anxiolytic effect. What drug is it?
Питання 40
A 27-year-old parturient woman undergoes a complicated childbirth with impending cervical rupture. What pain relief medicine would be the safest in this case?
Питання 41
A patient with chronic heart failure developed signs of pulmonary edema. What diuretic must be prescribed to the patient for rapid correction of this complication?
Питання 42
A 58-year-old woman with essential hypertension was prescribed amlodipine by her doctor. What group of drugs does it belong to?
Питання 43
S. aureus can cause various infections from purulent complications of wounds to pneumonia and sepsis. Why is penicillin therapy of staphylococcal infections not very effective?
Питання 44
A woman, who was undergoing treatment for insomnia, was found unconscious. Her respiration is inhibited, she is in a collaptoid state and presents with muscle hypotonia and absence of reflexes. Empty medicine packages were found at the site of the accident. What medicine could have caused such a condition in the patient?
Питання 45
A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus has been prescribed insulin as a substitution therapy. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
Питання 46
What drug causes dilation of the pupil and paralysis of accommodation when instilled in the eyes?
Питання 47
A 48-year-old woman diagnosed with radiculitis complains of an intense pain syndrome. She is undergoing treatment for peptic ulcer disease of the duodenum. What selective COX-2 blocker should she be prescribed?
Питання 48
A 45-year-old woman complains of a constant feeling of fear and anxiety. She was prescribed a drug with an anxiolytic effect. Select this drug from the list.
Питання 49
Helicobacter pylori was detected in a patient with peptic ulcer disease of the stomach. What drug should be used in this case?
Питання 50
A 30-year-old patient with a femoral fracture was brought to the hospital after a car accident. The patient presents with sharply reduced blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg, a weak pulse, and increased pain response provoked by the slightest touch in the damaged area. What should be administered in this case to prevent traumatic shock in the patient?
Питання 51
A 25-year-old woman diagnosed with myasthenia gravis was prescribed a drug by a neurologist to improve her muscle function. Administering of the drug was accompanied by increased salivary gland secretion, lacrimation, sweating, and diarrhea. What drug was prescribed by the doctor in this case?
Питання 52
A 45-year-old man has been hospitalized into the intensive care unit with heavy metal poisoning. What diuretic should be prescribed in this case to induce forced diuresis?
Питання 53
A phthisiologist has prescribed a semi-synthetic antibiotic to a patient with tuberculosis. This drug has a bactericidal effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis, because it inhibits RNA synthesis. However, the doctor has warned the patient that his saliva, sputum, and tear fluid may color red as a result. What drug has been prescribed by the doctor?
Питання 54
A 57-year-old woman has been prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that undergoes no metabolic transformations in the body and is used to treat arterial hypertension against the background of diabetic nephropathy. What drug has been prescribed for this patient?
Питання 55
A 70-year-old man with arterial hypertension and concomitant benign prostatic hyperplasia needs to be prescribed an antihypertensive agent. What drug should be prescribed for him, taking into account the presence of the comorbid pathology?
Питання 56
A patient with a malignant tumor has been prescribed a narcotic analgesic for pain relief. What is the mechanism of analgesic action of such drugs?
Питання 57
А 38-year-old woman has developed a bronchial asthma attack. What broncholytic that is a B2-adrenergic agonist would be effective for providing emergency aid in this case?
Питання 58
A patient, who has overdosed on a narcotic substance, is unconscious and has hypothermia, hypotension, and persistent miosis. What aid would be most effective and ensure the patient's survival in this case?
Питання 59
A patient, who was taking a highly effective anti-tuberculosis drug, has developed gynecomastia at the end of the treatment course. What drug has caused this side effect?
Питання 60
A 71-year-old man with angina pectoris takes 100 mg of acetylsalicilic acid daily. For what purpose does this patient take acetylsalicilic acid?
Питання 61
A 64-year-old man has a 10-year-long history of ischemic heart disease and has been taking furosemide for a long time as a component of complex therapy for this disease. What drug should be prescribed to the patient to prevent the development of hypokalemia?
Питання 62
A 13-year-old child has been diagnosed with tonsillitis and prescribed a combined sulfonamide drug with a bactericidal effect. What drug was prescribed to the child?
Питання 63
For preventive purposes, during a surgery on the maxilla, a patient with increased bleeding was administered a drug that improves blood coagulation by increasing the synthesis of prothrombin and other blood clotting factors (VI, VII, IX, X) that takes place mainly in the liver. What drug was administered in this case?
Питання 64
Following the treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs, a 48-year-old woman developed optic nerve neuritis, memory impairment, and seizures. What anti-tuberculosis drug was she taking?
Питання 65
A doctor has prescribed a hypnotic and sedative drug to the patient. The drug is a cyclopyrrolone derivative and a specific benzodiazepine receptor agonist. Select this drug from the list.
Питання 66
What propionic acid derivative can be prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases?
Питання 67
A nasal mucus sample was collected for a rapid influenza diagnostic test from a patient with fever, intoxication, and clinical signs of a respiratory infection. The rapid test revealed influenza A virus antigens in the collected material. What antiviral drug should be recommended for the treatment in this case?
Питання 68
A patient diagnosed with arterial hypertension has poor tolerance of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Help an intern doctor choose another drug that has an effect on the renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system and can be prescribed for this patient.
Питання 69
A doctor has prescribed metformin to a patient diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. What hypoglycemic action of this drug?
Питання 70
After being stung by bees, the patient developed Quincke's edema. What drug should the patient be urgently administered for the treatment of this condition?
Питання 71
A patient diagnosed with arterial hypertension has been prescribed lisinopril. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
Питання 72
What non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug should be prescribed to a patient diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and concomitant peptic ulcer disease of the duodenum?
Питання 73
What is the most common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids?
Питання 74
What is the mechanism of inhibitory action of Neostigmine (Prozerin)?
Питання 75
What antihypertensive drug can be prescribed for patients with bronchial asthma?
Питання 76
Select an anticholinesterase drug from the list.
Питання 77
What psychotropic drug blocks dopamine receptors?
Питання 78
Which one of the listed drugs is an H2 histamine blocker?
Питання 79
A patient complaining of dry mouth, photophobia, and visual impairment has been delivered into an admission room. The skin is hyperemic and dry; pupils are dilated; tachycardia is observed. The patient was diagnosed with belladonna alkaloids intoxication. What drug would be advisable?
Питання 80
A 48-year-old patient has been intravenously administered prednisolone solution to arrest severe attack of bronchial asthma. What group of hormonal agents does prednisolone belong to?
Питання 81
A patient with signs of mercury poisoning has been delivered into an admission room. What antidote should be prescribed in this case?
Питання 82
An anxiolytic agent, a benzodiazepine derivative, was prescribed to a patient with a neurosis in order to reduce its signs. What
medicine belongs to this group of drugs?
Питання 83
There are certain patterns of chemical and biological processes occurring with the drug in the body. Reduced absorption of
tetracycline when it is co-administered with antacids is an example of:
Питання 84
Streptomycin like other aminoglycosides, by binding to the 30S subunit of ribosomes, prevents the attachment of formylmethionyl-tRNA. What process is being disrupted as a result of this effect?
Питання 85
A patient with high risk of hemorrhages is recommended to take vicasol (menadione) by his physician. This drug is the structural analog of:
Питання 86
What medicines are used to stop a bronchospasm?
Питання 87
A patient was prescribed losartan for treatment of arterial hypertension. What mechanism of action does this drug have?
Питання 88
Name the psychostimulant with analeptical action, which is a purine derivative:
Питання 89
A 13-year-old child has been diagnosed with tonsillitis and prescribed a combined sulfonamide drug with a bactericidal effect. What drug has been prescribed for the child?