2026 - АМПС 2 день

Regenerative medicine
Organ transplantation is often hindered by organ availability and the problem of tissue rejection. The relatively new science of "regenerating" human cells and tissues aims to overcome such obstacles, paving the way for growing organs to order.
In 2006, Japanese researcher Shinya Yamanaka made the crucial discovery that multipotent stem cells (those with the capacity to develop into a range of specialized cell types within a specific organ) can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent cells (those with the potential to grow into any cell type). Yamanaka's vital work reversed the development of multipotent cells, turning them back into immature cells with the potential to grow into a range of different body cells.
In 2015, using the techniques pioneered by Yamanaka, researchers working at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, Scotland, developed a 3D printing process that can print human stem cells derived from a donor's own tissue. This paved the way for making laboratory-grown human tissue available for wider use, both in transplantation and in pharmaceutical research.
Brazilian researchers in 2019 reprogrammed human blood cells to form hepatic organoids, in effect "mini livers" to mimic the functions of a normal liver, such as storing vitamins, producing enzymes, and secreting bile. Only miniature livers have been produced so far, but the technique could be used to produce entire organs for transplantation.