Delving into dreams
Delving into dreams In 1896, after his father died, Freud had a series of disturbing dreams, which he wrote down and studied as he began his self-analysis. In one dream, he received a hospital bill for someone who had been in the family home 40 years earlier, before his own birth: In the dream, his father's ghost admitted to getting drunk and being detained. Freud believed, the dream indicated there was something that his unconscious mind would not allow him to see in his father's past, such as a sexual abuse or other hidden vices. His relationship with his father had been difficult. Freud told a friend, German physician Wilhelm Fliess, that his self-analysis and dreams had revealed a jealousy of his father and love for his mother - something he later described as an Oedipus complex, from the Greek myth of Oedipus, king of Thebes, who killed his father and unwittingly married his mother. In his landmark 1899 text, The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud outlined his theory that repressed emotions or urges (often of a sexual nature) are expressed or acted out in dreams and nightmares in a form of wish-fulfilment. Dreams, he considered were the outlet of emotions too powerful and painful for the conscious mind to tolerate. He became increasingly convinced that it
was traumatic events in childhoodsthat led to mental health issues in adults, as such memories were invariably repressed. As patients could not explain or understand feelings or behaviour caused by factors outside their realm of
consciousness, the only route to a cure lay in probing the unconscious, and dreams were a potent route to this unknown area
2025 - Англійська частина(АМПС) 2 день
2025 - Англійська частина(АМПС) 2 день
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Питання 1
What event led Freud to start his self-examination through dreams?
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Freud considered dreams to be:
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Freud's relationship with his father could best be described as:
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According to Freud, what are dreams primarily an expression of?
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According to Freud, what was necessary to achieve a cure for mental health issues?
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In Freud's dream, what was his father's ghost accused of?
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Freud believed that dreams were a way of:
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Choose the correct statement:^
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Freud identified a deep-seated feeling of rivalry with his father and affection for his mother, concept later known as:
Питання 10
Freud's theory) emphasized that traumatic incidents during what period of life could lead to mental issues in adulthood?
Питання 11
Gamma-aminobutyric acid is the most important mediator of the central nervous system. This biogenic amine forms in the process of decarboxylation of a certain amino acid. Name this amino acid.
Питання 12
During the last 2 days, the patient was experiencing mild shortness of breath that has intensified over the last few hours, with the patient developing cyanosis of the lips and fingertips. Examination results: respiratory rate 30/min, heart rate 105/min, blood pressure 130/80 mm Hg, PaO2 55 mm Hg. arterial blood pH 7.36. What pathogenetic type of hypoxia is most likely in this case?
Питання 13
A 19-year-old girl with recurrent sinusitis has undergone several courses of treatment with different antibiotics. During one such treatment, she developed severe diarrhea, causing her hospitalization. The results of the tests allowed diagnosing her with pseudomembranous colitis. What drug, administered orally, would be most effective in treating colitis caused by Clostridium difficile?
Питання 14
During the autopsy of the body of a 58-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus, histology of the kidneys reveals segmented, homogeneous, oxyphilic deposits in the glomeruli. The walls of the arterioles were diffusely thickened, homogeneous, and oxyphilic. What pathological condition has developed in the renal glomeruli and blood vessels?
Питання 15
What compound is a central humoral factor that modulates the function of the immune system, intensifying the processes of cellular and humoral immunity?
Питання 16
A 5-year-old child developed chills, a fever of 39°C, agitation, and vomiting. Nuchal rigidity was detected. On the third day after the onset, the child died. Autopsy of the body reveals thickened dull, yellow-green pia mater. Microscopically, the pia mater was infiltrated by neutrophilic leukocytes with some lymphocytes and monocytes. What disease occurred in the child?
Питання 17
A 57-year-old woman has been prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that undergoes no metabolic transformations in the body and is used to treat arterial hypertension against the background of diabetic nephropathy. What drug has been prescribed for this patient?
Питання 18
A 70-year-old man with arterial hypertension and concomitant benign prostatic hyperplasia needs to be prescribed an antihypertensive agent. What drug should be prescribed for him, taking into account the presence of the comorbid pathology?
Питання 19
What process allows producing different mRNAs from a single primary transcript?
Питання 20
During examination of a 57- year-old man, impaired circulation was detected in his left atrial myocardium. Where in the arteries has the circulatory disorder occurred in this case?
Питання 21
A 9-year-old boy presents with delayed sexual development. What organ produces the male sex hormones that determine the development of the genitals before puberty?
Питання 22
After the birth, the ductus Botalli that was connecting the pulmonary artery and the aorta in the embryonic period gradually obliterates and transforms into a ligament. Name this ligament.
Питання 23
Two days after the knee surgery, a 56-year-old patient developed dyspnea, acrocyanosis, tachycardia, low blood pressure, and dizziness. His medical history informs that he has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus two years ago. What is the cause of the detected disorders?
Питання 24
A patient has been hospitalized with an open fracture of the squamous part of the occipital bone and severe bleeding from the wound. What is the likely cause of the severe bleeding in this case?
Питання 25
A man with complaints of a hoarse voice has undergone laryngoscopy that revealed a gray- white tumor on his right vocal cord. The tumor is seated on a wide peduncle and resembles a cauliflower Microscopically, the biopsy material shows well-defined fibrovascular stroma, increased number of layers in the stratified squamous epithelium, no cellular atypia. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
Питання 26
After eating canned fish produced by unknown manufacturer, a patient developed diplopia, dysphonia, and muscle rigidity. The doctor suspects botulism. What the development of the listed symptoms in the patient?
Питання 27
Karyotyping detected 47 chromosomes (3 copies of chromosome 13) in a newborn child with multiple defects of the skull, limbs, and internal organs. What syndrome can be characterized by such pathological changes?
Питання 28
It was established that overstretching of the cardiac atria results in decreased sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and increasd glomerular filtration rate. What hormone most likely causes such physiological changes in the body?
Питання 29
S. aureus can cause various infections from purulent complications in wounds pneumonia and sepsis. Why is penicillin therapy of staphylococcal infections not very effective?
Питання 30
After partial gastric resection, the patient developed anemia. This pathology is caused by the insufficient function of certain cells in the gastric mucosa. Name these cells.
Питання 31
A woman with menstrual irregularities came to a gynecologist who, during a vaginal examination, detected a bright red area on the vaginal part of the cervix around its external os. A biopsy sample was taken. Histologically, the biopsy material from this area exhibits proliferation of prismatic (columnar) epithelium with formation of glands. What disease ha patient?
Питання 32
A newborn boy developed jaundice on his eighth hour of life. The boy's blood group is A(II) Rh(+), while the mother's blood group is 0(1) Rh(+). Laboratory studies reveal an elevated titer of the mother's anti-A antibodies, normal levels of glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase, and negative results of a sickle cell anemia test. The infant's serum hemoglobin is 106 g/L. What is the most likely cause of the infant's jaundice?
Питання 33
During examination of a newborn, the doctor diagnosed the baby with congenital muscular torticollis. What neck muscle is affected in this case?
Питання 34
A 48-year-old woman has been diagnosed with Raynaud syndrome and prescribed an adrenotropic agent. What group does this drug belong to?
Питання 35
In a certain section of a chromosome, the genes were arranged in the following sequence: abcdef Due to a mutagenic factor, a rearrangement occurred in this section, causing the following sequence of the chromosomes: abedcf. What type of mutation has occurred in this case?
Питання 36
A man has been diagnosed with a hereditary disease that manifests as extreme flexibility of the joints in the arms and scoliosis. The patient presents with an aortic aneurysm and mitral valve insufficiency. The generesponsible for the development of this disease causes disorders of the connective tissue development and anomalies of the cardiovascular system. What type of gene interaction manifests in this case?
Питання 37
A patient diagnosed with epidemic encephalitis presents with unilateral or bilateral ptosis (drooping eyelid), divergent strabismus, and impaired accommodation of the eye. The pupils are dilated. In this case, the nuclei of a certain pair of cranial nerves are damaged. Which pair of cranial nerves is it?
Питання 38
A 26-year-old man has been diagnosed with anemia against the background of chronic gastritis with deficiency of the intrinsic Castle factor. What type of anemia is most likely in this patient?
Питання 39
Insufficient production of nitrogen monoxide (NO) causes hyperthermia, atherosclerosis, and impotence. What amino acid is used as a source, from which NO forms in the human body?
Питання 40
A patient has a temporal bone fracture. The fracture fine passes through the internal auditory meatus, causing disruption of the blood supply to the inner ear. What artery is damaged in this case?
Питання 41
A 25-year-old woman's blood test reveals elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) that is a biochemical marker of pregnancy What anatomical structure is the primary production site of this hormone?
Питання 42
Pathologies of lipid metabolism include sphingolipidoses that can be characterized by the accumulation-of-excess phospholipids and sphingolipids, mainly in the nervous tissue. What disease is associated with accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in the body?
Питання 43
For the treatment megaloblastic anemia, the doctor prescribed a 13-year-old girl a medicine that stimulates the transition from megaloblastic to normoblastic type of hematopoiesis, takes part in the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases, and activates the synthesis of methionine and proteins. What has been prescribed for the patient?
Питання 44
In an experiment, the axons of the neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus have been severed in the test animal. As a result, the accumulation of a certain hormone will become impaired in the pituitary gland. Name this hormone.
Питання 45
After drinking sweet tea, blood levels of a certain hormone increase. Name this hormone.
Питання 46
In a histological specimen, a student identifies a parenchymal organ that contains numerous round structures of various sizes. Their wall is formed by a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells. Inside, the structures contain a homogeneous acellular mass that stains pink with eosin. What organ is it?
Питання 47
The incretory function of the kidneys is impaired in a patient with chronic glomerulonephritis. What blood components are deficient in this case?
Питання 48
A 50-year-old patient has been hospitalized with signs of a hypertensive crisis. What causes the acute increase in the blood pressure in this case?
Питання 49
A patient has been diagnosed with classical hemophilia A. What factor is deficient in this case, causing this pathology?
Питання 50
During an accident on a nuclear submarine, a soldier received a radiation dose of 5 Gy. He complains of headache, nausea, and dizziness. What changes in his leukocyte count can be expected after such a radiation exposure?