MUMPS
The causative agent is a filterable virus. It is found in the saliva of patients, where it may be present for at least 24 hours before swelling of the salivary glands develops, and throughout the entire period of glandular enlargement. Spread is by droplet infections or direct contact with materials contaminated with infected saliva. Most cases occur in children between 5 and 15 years of age; the disease is unusual in children under 2 years. Infants up to 10 months ordinarily are immuned. However, the disease may occur at any age, and cases in the older age groups may be seen.
After an incubation period of 14 to 21 days onset is marked by chilly sensations, headache, anorexia and malaise. This is accompanied by a low to moderate fever which may last from 12 to 24 hours before any involvement of the salivary glands. In mild cases, these prodromal symptoms may be absent. Pain on chewing or swallowing is the earliest symptom of parotitis. There is marked sensitivity to pressure over the angle of the jaw. With development of parotitis, the temperature frequently rises to 103 or 104 F. Swelling of the gland reaches its maximum about the 2nd day and is associated with swelling, involving the cheek and area below the ear. In most cases, both parotid glands are involved. Occasionally the submaxillary and sublingual glands also may be swollen, or, more rarely, may be the only glands affected. In such cases, there is swelling of the neck beneath the jaw.
The diagnosis of typical cases during an epidemic is simple, but sporadic cases present a more difficult problem. Swelling of the parotid or other salivary glands due to the mumps virus must be distinguished from: (1) bacterial parotid involvement, occuring in streptococcal throat infections, diphtheria, or debilitated patients with poor oral hygiene, typhoid or typhus fever; (2) malignant tumors of the salivary glands; (3) postoperative parotitis.
In uncomplicated mumps, prognosis is extent. However, relapses may occur occasionally after about 2 weeks. In complicated cases, deafness or facial paralysis has been known to occur following involvement of the nervous system.
2022 - Англійська частина(АМПС) 1 день
2022 - Англійська частина(АМПС) 1 день
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Текст
Питання 1
The virus which causes mumps can be found in the urine of the patients :
Питання 2
Choose the correct statement :
Питання 3
The virus is spreading with the saliva of the people, who are sick :
Питання 4
It is always easy to diagnose this disease :
Питання 5
In some cases, mumps must be distinguished from diphtheria :
Питання 6
Choose the correct statement.:
Питання 7
Mumps can be complicated with deafness :
Питання 8
Only parotid salivary glands can be affected in the case of mumps :
Питання 9
Elder people are immune to mumps :
Питання 10
Usually, only one parotid gland is affected by the disease :
Питання 11
A patient cannot lift the lowered mandible. What muscles fail to perform their function in this case?
Питання 12
A girl provisionally diagnosed with Turner syndrome made an appointment with a genetic consultancy. What genetic method of diagnostics can confirm this diagnosis?
Питання 13
A 58-year-old man presents with the clinical picture of acute pancreatitis. This diagnosis can be confirmed by high levels of a certain substance in the patient's urine. Name this substance:
Питання 14
A 60-year-old man with diabetes mellitus is prescribed insulin. What type of pharmacological therapy is it?
Питання 15
Histological microslide shows cells that form isogenic groups. The intercellular substance contains glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and collagen fibers. What tissue is it?
Питання 16
In an experiment, an excitable cell was placed into a saline solution without sodium ions. How will it change the development of action potential in the cell?
Питання 17
Name the specific phase of action potential, characteristic of typical cardiomyocytes:
Питання 18
A patient was diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Total blood protein is 180 g/L. What proteins, present in the body, are the cause of such total protein value?
Питання 19
A patient has a long history of dental caries. The pulp of the affected tooth started to resemble a gray-black mass with a putrid odor. Microscopically, it is unstructured and contains microbes. What pathological process has developed in the dental pulp in this case.
Питання 20
A patient was diagnosed with meningitis. A puncture of the subarachnoid space is necessary. This space can be located between the following structures:
Питання 21
Serological diagnostics of influenza requires the measurement of an increase in the titer of antibodies to the pathogen in the patient's blood serum. How many times should the titer of antibodies in the paired serum samples increase for the result to be considered credible?
Питання 22
After an injury, the patient developed a focus, of purulent inflammation in the alveolar process of the jaw in its outward area, with the development of subperiosteal abscess and edema of the adjacent soft tissues. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
Питання 23
A section of a multi-rooted tooth shows a tissue located at the apices of the dental roots and in the place of their branching. This tissue contains cells with processes located in the lacunae, and numerous collagen fibers arranged radially or longitudinally. Name this tissue:
Питання 24
A second deciduous molar was extracted in a 13-year-old child. What permanent tooth will erupt in its place?
Питання 25
A person, who came to a hospital with complaints of diarrhea, was diagnosed with amoebic dysentery. Tetracycline was prescribed to the patient as a part of complex treatment. Name the type of action of this medicine:
Питання 26
After a removal of the pyloric part of the stomach, a person may develop anemia. What is the cause of pathological condition development in this case?
Питання 27
What infectious-allergic disease is associated with the development of bilateral diffuse or focal non-purulent inflammation of the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys with characteristic renal and extrarenal symptoms?
Питання 28
Ribosomes are the organelles that bind amino acid residues into a polypeptide chain. The number of ribosomes in the cells of different organs varies and depends on the function of the organ. What organ has the highest ribosome count in its cells?
Питання 29
A patient developed hypersalivation, during dental manipulations. What group of medicines reduces this phenomenon?
Питання 30
A 53-year-old woman has height of 163 cm, body weight of 92 kg, uniform fat deposition, and puffy face. She is inactive and apathetic. Pressing the front surface of lower leg leaves an indentation. What gland is dysfunctional in this woman, causing her pathological condition?
Питання 31
The prisoner, who went on a hunger strike, developed edemas. What is the mechanism of edema development in this case?
Питання 32
A patient was diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm of the tongue. What characteristics of this tumor make it possible to classify it as a malignant one?
Питання 33
Replication is one of the reactions of matrix synthesis. What new molecule is formed from a DNA molecule in the process of replication?
Питання 34
A patient feels pain and numbness in the gums of the upper jaw. What nerves are most likely to be damaged in this case?
Питання 35
Filopodia of megakaryocytes pass through the pores of the sinusoidal capillaries of the red bone marrow into the lumen of blood vessels, where they are fragmented into individual Laminae. What blood corpuscles are formed this way?
Питання 36
During examination of the patient's oral cavity, the dentist noticed the presence of a carious spot in the area of the linguodistal groove on the masticatory surface of the first upper right molar. This groove separates the following structure:
Питання 37
A glucocorticoid ointment has been prescribed to a patient for periodontitis treatment. Name this medicine:
Питання 38
During examination, a 7-year- old child was diagnosed with multiple caries by the dentist. What medicine should be recommended for caries prevention in this case?
Питання 39
A patient was diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. What substance in the urine indicates a damage to the basement membrane of the renal glomerular capillaries in case of this pathology?
Питання 40
A 43-year-old woman against the background of septic shock presents with thrombocytopenia, low fibrinogen levels, fibrin degradation products in the blood, and development of petechial hemorrhages. What is the cause of these pathological signs?
Питання 41
A patient has made an appointment with a dentist. A cavity was detected in the softened dentin of his premolar. A narrow layer of dentin remains between the carious cavity and the pulp. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
Питання 42
What is the secondary mediator in the mechanism of action of adrenaline?
Питання 43
During laboratory testing of the blood of a deceased person, the forensic pathologist diagnosed cyanide poisoning. What was the cause of death in this case?
Питання 44
A 6-year-old child with suspected active tuberculosis has undergone Mantoux test. What immunobiological substance was administered for this purpose?
Питання 45
Examination of a 40-year-old woman detected increased basal metabolism. What hormone levels are excessive in this woman, causing her pathological condition?
Питання 46
An enzyme that binds with the substrate uses only a part of its molecule to interact with it. Name this part of the enzyme molecule:
Питання 47
During the extraction of a carious tooth, the dental surgeon found a gray-pink soft-elastic nodule 1.3 cm in diameter in the area of the dental root. Microscopically, the nodule is represented by granulation tissue with lymphocytes, plasma and mast cells, macrophages, xanthoma cells, and fibroblasts. What pathological neoplasm can be suspected in this case?
Питання 48
As a result of an injury, an area of the oral cavity was damaged. This area can be divided into the maxillary, intermediate, and mandibular zones. What part of the oral cavity is damaged?
Питання 49
When a newborn baby feeds, milk gets into the baby's nasal cavity. What is the most likely cause of this pathological condition?
Питання 50
A cytochrome oxidase blocker was given to a test animal, causing its instant death. What chemical can cause these changes?